Sleeping Aid With Rohypnol Flunitrazepam | OZISIK ECZANE
Rohypnol Flunitrazepam is a sedative benzodiazepine with important therapeutic usefulness and significant abuse liability. Its capability to induce anterograde amnesia favors Rohypnol use as a “date-rape drug” administered often at a bar or party (“club drug”) by adding it unknowingly to the drinks of victims who will have limited memory of the assault.
On the contrary, on the illicit market, Flunitrazepam may be fake products that do not contain that substance. Rohypnol Flunitrazepam combined with anesthetics, opioids, ethanol, cocaine, and methamphetamine can occur in therapeutic use and in polydrug abuse. Flunitrazepam action mechanism involves its binding to the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAA-R), an intrinsic membrane protein. Changes in the binding site structure by allosteric binding of another drug or by affecting lipid phase dynamics in a receptor's surroundings can modulate this binding activity.
Thus, Rohypnol Flunitrazepam–GABAA-R binding may serve to sense Flunitrazepa concentration, GABAA-R environment organization, and Rohypnol interaction with other drugs, including polydrug use or abuse conditions.
Rohypnol remains readily available, mainly through pharmaceutical operators located in Mexico, especially Tijuana. Rohypnol is marketed by Hoffman-La Roche Inc. and is legally sold in Latin America and Europe as a short-term treatment for insomnia, and as a preanesthetic medication. One of the significant effects of the drug is anterograde amnesia, a factor that strongly contributed to its inclusion in the Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996. Anterograde amnesia is a condition in which events that occurred while under the influence of the drug are forgotten.
Rohypnol is available as a .5mg and 1mg oblong tablet, as well as a 1mg per ml injectable solution. Hoffman-La Roche phased out the 2mg dose tablet from 1996 to 1997 and is currently phasing out the round, white 1mg tablet. The licit market for the drug is currently supplied with a 1-milligram dose in an olive green, oblong tablet, imprinted with the number 542. The new tablet includes a dye that, according to Hoffman-La Roche, will be visible if it is slipped into a drink. Reports indicate that Rohypnol is often sold for between $2 and $5 per dosage unit, although it may sell for from $10 to $30 per dosage unit.
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In addition to the chemically induced amnesia, Rohypnol often causes decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, confusion, gastrointestinal disturbances, and urinary retention. Users of the drug report effects similar to intoxication, yet claim that they wake up the next morning without a hangover. Adding to the popularity of the drug is the perception that the drug cannot be detected in a urinalysis. While the drug can be detected (2-milligram doses can be detected within 72 hours of ingestion), it does break down very quickly, and many commercial toxicological screens do not detect flunitrazepam. In sexual assault cases, forensic laboratories need to screen for the flunitrazepam metabolite, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, using gas chromatography and/or mass spectrometry.
A WHO review concluded that flunitrazepam had moderate abuse potential which may be higher than that of the other benzodiazepines (Anon., 1995).
Flunitrazepam has also been misused as a sedative in sexual assaults, or so called date-rapes (Simmons and Cupp, 1998). However forensic toxicology shows that only a very small number of such assaults actually involve the use of flunitrazepam and that the use of alcohol and other benzodiazepines is underestimated in such cases. For example, clonazepam has replaced flunitrazepam as the most used illegal benzodiazepine in Norway (Hoiseth et al., 2015). Flunitrazepam is abused by rave party attendees and others to produce intoxication and increase the high produced by other abused drugs.
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